How does WebRTC work?

WebRTC enables direct, real-time communication between browsers and devices using a set of standardized APIs and protocols. Here's how it works under the hood:

1. Signaling

Before a connection is established, browsers exchange information about media capabilities, network addresses, and encryption keys. This process, called signaling, is handled by a separate server or service (not part of WebRTC itself).

2. NAT Traversal

WebRTC uses ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment), STUN, and TURN protocols to traverse firewalls and NATs, ensuring devices can connect even in complex network environments.

3. Peer Connection

Once signaling is complete, WebRTC establishes a secure, peer-to-peer connection using DTLS and SRTP for encryption. Media and data flow directly between devices, minimizing latency and maximizing privacy.

4. Media & Data Channels

WebRTC supports high-quality audio, video, and arbitrary data transfer via dedicated channels. This flexibility enables everything from video calls to multiplayer games and file sharing.

Security

All WebRTC connections are encrypted end-to-end by default, protecting user privacy and data integrity. The technology is designed with security as a top priority.